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ATF / FFL Statistics Center

How many FFLs, SOTs, and NFA-registered firearms are there, and how often does ATF inspect and revoke licenses? Official ATF data on federal firearms licensees, updated for fiscal year 2025.

License and Inspection Stats

Latest data: FY2025 licenses and inspections, March 2026 state counts, and NFA data through August 2026. Last updated September 24, 2026. Use the table of contents to jump to any section. Each section gives you the raw data, charts, and explanations.

Short answer: There were 127,739 federal firearms licenses (FFLs) in the United States at the end of fiscal year 2025, according to ATF. About 77,755 were business licenses (mostly Type 01 dealers and Type 07 manufacturers), and 49,984 were Type 03 collector licenses. ATF also counted 15,022 NFA special occupational taxpayers (tax year 2023) and completed 8,472 firearms compliance inspections in FY2025, recommending revocation in 83.

Latest data: fiscal year 2025 (Oct. 2024 to Sept. 2025) license and inspection figures from ATF Facts and Figures, FY2025; FFLs by state from the ATF License Type by State report, March 2026; SOT and NFA registry tables from ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States 2024; NFA processing data from ATF Current Processing Times (August 2026). Last updated: September 24, 2026. Next update: when ATF publishes its FY2026 Facts and Figures (usually in the spring) or a new Firearms Commerce report.

Key findings

  • There were 127,739 active FFLs at the end of fiscal year 2025 (Sept. 30, 2025), down 0.7% from 128,690 in FY2024 and less than half the 1992 peak of 284,117.
  • 77,755 of those were business licenses. The other 49,984 were Type 03 collector licenses, which don't allow a firearms business.
  • Type 07 manufacturer licenses keep growing: 21,367 in FY2025, up from 10,498 in FY2015 and 1,773 in FY2000. Type 01 dealer licenses fell to 46,072, the fewest since at least FY1975.
  • California (12,291) and Texas (10,407) had the most FFLs in March 2026, but 10,223 of California's are collector licenses. Texas has four times as many business FFLs (8,277 vs 2,068).
  • Wyoming has the most FFLs per person (162.4 per 100,000 residents); among the 50 states and D.C., New Jersey (5.3) and D.C. (3.6) have the fewest.
  • There were 15,022 special occupational taxpayers (SOTs) in tax year 2023, the latest ATF has published, down from a peak of 17,323 in 2020.
  • 8,655,743 weapons were registered under the National Firearms Act as of May 2024, including 3,536,623 silencers. By August 2026 ATF counted 6,654,209 registered silencers.
  • ATF processed a record 1,507,443 NFA forms covering 5,817,780 firearms in FY2025. The NFA tax on silencers, SBRs, SBSs, and AOWs dropped to $0 on Jan. 1, 2026, and ATF received 1,874,895 NFA forms in 2026 through Aug. 5.
  • ATF completed 8,472 firearms compliance inspections in FY2025. 54.3% found no violations; ATF recommended revocation in 83 (1.0%), down from 195 in FY2024.

Where this data comes from

The data used on this page comes from several ATF sources. The ATF publishes data on the commerce of firearms, which includes much of this data about the firearms industry. However, some of those reports are delayed by at least two years so as not to give a competitive advantage to any particular company. Some of this data is gathered from ATF's published Fact Sheets and the National Firearms Commerce and Trafficking Assessment (NFCTA).

To gather this information, the ATF relies on its own figures from the ATF licensing center, the National Firearms Act division, and its industry operations inspections, and also on the annually required Annual Firearms Manufacturing and Exportation Report (AFMER) from manufacturer FFLs. (For manufacturing numbers, see our U.S. firearms industry statistics page.)

We gather, organize, and publish this data as an industry leader in the FFL space. To date, we've helped over 20,000 FFLs. We were founded by, and our courses have been created and are taught by, Ryan Cleckner, a firearms attorney who specializes in federal firearms law and ATF compliance, a bestselling author, firearms industry executive, and former special operations sniper and university professor.

1. Federal Firearms Licenses (FFLs)

A federal firearms license, or FFL, is a license issued by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) that allows the holder of the license to engage in business concerning firearms.

The type of business activity allowed depends on the type of FFL. For example, a Type 01 FFL, the most common type of business FFL, allows for dealing in firearms (a gun shop) and gunsmithing. The second most common type of business FFL, the Type 07 FFL, allows for the manufacturing of firearms and also dealing.

In this section, we display the data for the total number of FFLs, the number of FFLs by license type, the number of FFLs by state (including per capita), and how long FFL applications take.

Total Number of Licenses

The total number of FFLs in this country has stayed above 100,000 for the past 30 years. After bottoming out at 102,913 in FY2001, it climbed steadily through the 2000s to a high of 141,116 in FY2014, and there were 127,739 FFLs at the end of FY2025.

As you can see in the chart and table below, the number of FFLs reached an all-time high of 284,117 in 1992 and then dropped sharply through the late 1990s.

This large drop was due to the Clinton administration's efforts to shut down "kitchen-table" or home-based FFLs. Since then, however, home-based FFLs are not only permitted, they are incredibly popular and make up the majority of FFLs in the country today.

Read the full guide: How to Get a Home Based FFL →

Fiscal year Active FFLs Business FFLs (excl. Type 03) Type 03 collectors
2025 127,739 77,755 49,984
2024 128,690 79,001 49,689
2023 132,383 81,578 50,805
2022 134,811 82,203 52,608
2021 134,809 81,334 53,475
2020 130,605 77,740 52,865
2015 139,840 79,188 60,652
2014 141,116 77,815 63,301
2010 118,487 61,807 56,680
2005 106,432 66,359 40,073
2001 (low) 102,913 77,768 25,145
2000 103,157 82,057 21,100
1995 191,495 175,141 16,354
1992 (peak) 284,117 268,297 15,820
1990 269,079 254,792 14,287
1985 248,794 239,195 9,599
1980 174,619 169,138 5,481
1975 161,927 156,716 5,211

Active federal firearms licenses at the end of selected fiscal years (ATF fiscal years end Sept. 30). Sources: ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States, Annual Statistical Updates 2021 and 2024 (FY1975–FY2023); ATF Facts and Figures FY2024 and FY2025. Every year is in the raw data table below and in the CSV download.

Stacked area chart of active federal firearms licenses by type from fiscal year 1975 to 2025. The total rose from 161,927 in 1975 to a peak of 284,117 in 1992, then fell to 103,157 by 2000 as Type 01 dealer licenses dropped from 248,155 to 67,479. In FY2025 there were 127,739 FFLs: 49,984 Type 03 collectors, 46,072 Type 01 dealers, 21,367 Type 07 manufacturers, 5,929 Type 02 pawnbrokers and 4,387 other licenses.
There were 127,739 active FFLs at the end of FY2025, down from the 1992 peak of 284,117. Type 07 manufacturer licenses have grown every year since 2000, from 1,773 to 21,367. Source: ATF, Firearms Commerce in the United States (FY1975–FY2023) and ATF Facts and Figures (FY2024–FY2025). Chart: RocketFFL.com Download full-size PNG Interactive version (Google Sheets)

Number of FFLs per Year (raw data)

YearNumber of FFLs
1975161,927
1976165,697
1977173,484
1978169,052
1979171,216
1980174,619
1981190,296
1982211,918
1983230,613
1984222,443
1985248,794
1986267,166
1987262,022
1988272,953
1989264,063
1990269,079
1991276,116
1992284,117
1993283,925
1994250,833
1995191,495
1996135,794
1997107,554
1998105,536
1999103,942
2000103,157
2001102,913
2002103,411
2003104,105
2004106,214
2005106,432
2006107,316
2007108,933
2008112,943
2009115,395
2010118,487
2011123,587
2012130,956
2013139,244
2014141,116
2015139,840
2016137,464
2017136,081
2018134,191
2019130,546
2020130,605
2021134,809
2022134,811
2023132,383
2024128,690
2025127,739

Number of FFLs by Type

The distribution of licenses by type changes slowly year over year. Type 01 FFLs are the most popular business FFLs and Type 07 FFLs are the second most popular business FFLs.

It is most accurate to point out that the most common type of FFL is actually the Type 03 Collector's FFL. However, that is not a business FFL and does NOT allow the holder to engage in business with firearms (buying, selling, making, etc.). Instead, it only allows for the collecting of "curio and relic" firearms. Even though there are more Type 03 FFLs than any other, they are largely ignored for our purposes because, even though they are technically an "FFL," they should really be called a "collector's license," and they do not affect the firearms industry.

To that end, we show the breakdown of licenses by type for the most recent year in the table below and then include the totals of FFLs by type over the years as raw data.

There are 9 Types of FFLs:

  • Type 01 FFL - Dealers and Gunsmiths
  • Type 02 FFL - Pawnbrokers
  • Type 03 FFL - Collectors of Curios and Relics
  • Type 06 FFL - Manufacturer of Ammunition
  • Type 07 FFL - Manufacturer of Firearms
  • Type 08 FFL - Importer of Firearms
  • Type 09 FFL - Dealer of Destructive Devices
  • Type 10 FFL - Manufacturer of Destructive Devices
  • Type 11 FFL - Importer of Destructive Devices

Read the full guide: FFL License Types →

Type License FY2025 Share of all FFLs FY2024 Change
01 Dealer / gunsmith 46,072 36.1% 47,776 −3.6%
02 Pawnbroker 5,929 4.6% 6,149 −3.6%
03 Collector of curios & relics 49,984 39.1% 49,689 +0.6%
06 Ammunition manufacturer 1,748 1.4% 1,858 −5.9%
07 Firearms manufacturer 21,367 16.7% 20,578 +3.8%
08 Importer 1,678 1.3% 1,698 −1.2%
09 Destructive device dealer 137 0.1% 145 −5.5%
10 Destructive device manufacturer 522 0.4% 496 +5.2%
11 Destructive device importer 302 0.2% 301 +0.3%
Total 127,739 100% 128,690 −0.7%

Active FFLs by license type at the end of FY2025 (Sept. 30, 2025) and FY2024. ATF issued 41,931 licenses (including renewals) in FY2025 and 43,956 in FY2024. Sources: ATF Facts and Figures, FY2025 and FY2024.

As you can see in the chart above, although the ranking of FFL types hasn't changed much over the years, the number of Type 01 and Type 03 FFLs has decreased while the number of Type 07 FFLs has increased.

We hope that we've had some influence on that because in our Get Your FFL course, we recommend getting a Type 07 FFL when possible because it is not only cheaper than a Type 01 Dealer's FFL for the first three years ($150 vs $200, go figure), it also allows everything a Type 01 FFL allows plus manufacturing.

Fiscal year Type 01 dealers Type 03 collectors Type 07 manufacturers Type 07 share of business FFLs
2025 46,072 49,984 21,367 27.5%
2024 47,776 49,689 20,578 26.0%
2023 50,309 50,805 20,003 24.5%
2022 52,173 52,608 18,517 22.5%
2021 52,993 53,475 16,730 20.6%
2020 52,799 52,865 14,054 18.1%
2015 56,181 60,652 10,498 13.3%
2010 47,664 56,680 4,293 6.9%
2005 53,833 40,073 2,272 3.4%
2000 67,479 21,100 1,773 2.2%

Type 01, 03, and 07 licenses at the end of selected fiscal years. Business FFLs = all types except Type 03. Sources: ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States (FY2000–FY2023); ATF Facts and Figures (FY2024–FY2025). Interactive chart (Google Sheets)

FFL Types by Year (raw data)

YearType 1Type 2Type 3Type 6Type 7Type 8Type 9Type 10Type 11
201354,0267,81064,4492,3539,09499857273184
201455,4318,13263,3012,5969,9701,13366287200
201556,1818,15260,6522,60310,4981,15266315221
201656,7548,07657,3452,48111,0831,10571332217
201756,6387,87155,5882,25911,9461,11078357234
201855,8917,63954,1362,11912,5641,12798378239
201953,9247,34152,4461,91013,0441,109129391252
202052,7997,14152,8651,79714,0541,127128425269
202152,9936,98153,4752,11116,7301,632141462284
202252,1736,66652,6082,12318,5171,809141475299
202350,3096,41750,8052,08620,0031,851147476289
202447,7766,14949,6891,85820,5781,698145496301
202546,0725,92949,9841,74821,3671,678137522302

Number of FFLs by State

The number of FFLs in each state may surprise you. For being largely "anti-gun," the state of California now has the most FFLs of any state (12,291), ahead of Texas (10,407). In ATF's FY2023 counts, Texas was still first (11,109 vs 9,815).

But the reason is collector licenses: 10,223 of California's FFLs (83%) are Type 03 collector licenses. California requires most gun buyers to go through a dealer and wait, and a Type 03 license (together with a state Certificate of Eligibility) can exempt collectors from some of those rules for curio and relic firearms. Count only business FFLs and Texas leads by a mile, with 8,277 to California's 2,068.

The table below lists the 20 states with the most FFLs in ATF's March 2026 report, the most recent month ATF has published. The full 50-state table (with per-capita rates) follows in the next section.

Horizontal stacked bar chart of the 20 states with the most active federal firearms licenses in March 2026, split into business licenses and Type 03 collector licenses. California has 12,291 FFLs, of which 10,223 are collector licenses, followed by Texas with 10,407 (8,277 business licenses), then Florida 7,024, Pennsylvania 5,823, North Carolina 4,411. Colorado ranks 20th with 2,415.
California (12,291) and Texas (10,407) had the most active FFLs in March 2026, but 83% of California's are Type 03 collector licenses. Source: ATF, Report of Active Firearms Licenses – License Type by State Statistics, March 2026. Chart: RocketFFL.com Download full-size PNG Interactive version (Google Sheets)
Rank State Total FFLs Business FFLs (excl. Type 03) Type 03 collectors Type 01 Type 07 FY2023 total
1 California 12,291 2,068 10,223 1,249 583 9,815
2 Texas 10,407 8,277 2,130 4,217 2,634 11,109
3 Florida 7,024 4,499 2,525 2,079 1,445 7,429
4 Pennsylvania 5,823 3,244 2,579 2,238 781 6,199
5 North Carolina 4,411 3,068 1,343 1,716 905 4,621
6 Ohio 4,067 2,813 1,254 1,721 827 4,234
7 Illinois 3,933 1,406 2,527 987 294 4,337
8 Massachusetts 3,829 595 3,234 265 300 3,884
9 Virginia 3,676 1,996 1,680 1,231 472 3,980
10 Missouri 3,631 2,409 1,222 1,565 540 3,873
11 Michigan 3,584 2,444 1,140 1,665 578 3,761
12 Arizona 3,426 2,597 829 1,129 1,137 3,619
13 Georgia 3,384 2,417 967 1,197 663 3,601
14 New York 3,215 1,846 1,369 1,386 368 3,739
15 Tennessee 3,084 1,966 1,118 1,073 602 3,205
16 Washington 2,843 1,208 1,635 649 394 3,228
17 Wisconsin 2,674 1,774 900 1,196 458 2,802
18 Indiana 2,564 1,715 849 1,145 422 2,650
19 Maryland 2,459 788 1,671 509 198 2,773
20 Colorado 2,415 1,758 657 997 559 3,023

Top 20 states by active FFLs, March 2026. U.S. total including territories: 127,161 active licenses, plus 1,480 pending applications that ATF lists separately. Sources: ATF, Report of Active Firearms Licenses – License Type by State Statistics, March 2026 (print date March 10, 2026); FY2023: ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States 2024, Exhibit 13.

FFLs per Capita by State

Raw counts mostly track population, so we also divided each state's March 2026 FFL count by its July 1, 2025 population from the U.S. Census Bureau. Across the 50 states and D.C., there were 37.2 FFLs per 100,000 residents.

Wyoming (162.4), Montana (123.5), Alaska (93.5), North Dakota (85.9), and South Dakota (84.2) have the most FFLs per person. New York (16.1), Hawaii (12.8), New Jersey (5.3), and D.C. (3.6) have the fewest (Puerto Rico: 2.8). Counting business licenses only, California drops to 5.3 per 100,000, near the bottom with New Jersey (3.9) and D.C. (0.6).

Tile map of the United States showing active federal firearms licenses per 100,000 residents in March 2026. Wyoming has the highest rate at 162.4, followed by Montana at 123.5, Alaska at 93.5, North Dakota at 85.9 and South Dakota at 84.2. The lowest rates are in New York (16.1), Hawaii (12.8), New Jersey (5.3) and the District of Columbia (3.6), with Puerto Rico at 2.8. The overall rate for the 50 states and D.C. is 37.2.
Rural Mountain West and Plains states have the most FFLs per resident: Wyoming has 162.4 per 100,000 people, more than four times the national rate of 37.2. Source: ATF, Report of Active Firearms Licenses – License Type by State Statistics, March 2026; U.S. Census Bureau, Vintage 2025 population estimates. Chart: RocketFFL.com Download full-size PNG
State Total FFLs Business FFLs Type 03 FFLs per 100k residents Business FFLs per 100k Pending applications
Alabama 2,018 1,486 532 38.9 28.6 15
Alaska 689 561 128 93.5 76.1 9
Arizona 3,426 2,597 829 44.9 34.1 47
Arkansas 1,801 1,479 322 57.8 47.5 21
California 12,291 2,068 10,223 31.2 5.3 120
Colorado 2,415 1,758 657 40.2 29.2 31
Connecticut 1,636 651 985 44.4 17.6 8
Delaware 278 135 143 26.2 12.7 2
District of Columbia 25 4 21 3.6 0.6 0
Florida 7,024 4,499 2,525 29.9 19.2 78
Georgia 3,384 2,417 967 29.9 21.4 27
Guam 17 16 1 n/a n/a 0
Hawaii 183 104 79 12.8 7.3 0
Idaho 1,617 1,322 295 79.7 65.1 19
Illinois 3,933 1,406 2,527 30.9 11.1 24
Indiana 2,564 1,715 849 36.8 24.6 41
Iowa 1,881 1,431 450 58.1 44.2 26
Kansas 1,597 1,228 369 53.6 41.2 18
Kentucky 1,937 1,440 497 42.0 31.3 23
Louisiana 1,655 1,289 366 35.8 27.9 41
Maine 829 543 286 58.6 38.4 9
Maryland 2,459 788 1,671 39.2 12.6 20
Massachusetts 3,829 595 3,234 53.5 8.3 17
Michigan 3,584 2,444 1,140 35.4 24.1 52
Minnesota 2,143 1,544 599 36.8 26.5 24
Mississippi 1,338 1,046 292 45.3 35.4 17
Missouri 3,631 2,409 1,222 57.9 38.4 51
Montana 1,414 1,175 239 123.5 102.6 22
Nebraska 1,036 802 234 51.3 39.7 18
Nevada 1,270 860 410 38.7 26.2 17
New Hampshire 1,150 612 538 81.3 43.2 5
New Jersey 506 377 129 5.3 3.9 6
New Mexico 903 689 214 42.5 32.4 10
New York 3,215 1,846 1,369 16.1 9.2 22
North Carolina 4,411 3,068 1,343 39.4 27.4 56
North Dakota 687 534 153 85.9 66.8 9
Northern Mariana Islands 5 5 0 n/a n/a 0
Ohio 4,067 2,813 1,254 34.2 23.6 33
Oklahoma 2,051 1,695 356 49.7 41.1 18
Oregon 1,894 1,374 520 44.3 32.2 32
Pennsylvania 5,823 3,244 2,579 44.6 24.8 51
Puerto Rico 90 73 17 2.8 2.3 0
Rhode Island 486 113 373 43.6 10.1 0
South Carolina 2,183 1,491 692 39.2 26.8 44
South Dakota 787 641 146 84.2 68.5 11
Tennessee 3,084 1,966 1,118 42.2 26.9 51
Texas 10,407 8,277 2,130 32.8 26.1 152
U.S. Virgin Islands 13 12 1 n/a n/a 0
Utah 1,612 1,369 243 45.6 38.7 21
Vermont 496 347 149 76.9 53.8 7
Virginia 3,676 1,996 1,680 41.4 22.5 60
Washington 2,843 1,208 1,635 35.5 15.1 37
West Virginia 1,238 965 273 70.1 54.6 10
Wisconsin 2,674 1,774 900 44.8 29.7 29
Wyoming 956 816 140 162.4 138.6 19
Total 127,161 77,117 50,044 37.2 (50 states + D.C.) 1,480

Active FFLs by state and territory, March 2026, with rates per 100,000 residents. Per-capita rates are calculated by RocketFFL; ATF doesn't publish them, and they aren't calculated for territories without a Census estimate in the same file. Sources: ATF, License Type by State Statistics, March 2026; U.S. Census Bureau, Vintage 2025 Population Estimates (NST-EST2025-ALLDATA). CSV download (all license types by state).

Number of FFLs by State, FY2021–FY2023 (raw data)

The raw data table below shows ATF's fiscal-year state totals for FY2021–FY2023 (ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States 2024, Exhibit 13). The March 2026 counts above are newer.

State202120222023
Alabama218021592073
Alaska827810758
Arizona3,6293,6793,619
Arkansas1,8841,8781,871
California9,1289,5619,815
Colorado3,0673,0423,023
Connecticut1,7801,7631,716
Delaware323321309
District of Columbia353124
Florida7,3647,5047,429
Georgia3,6493,7033,601
Hawaii232231219
Idaho1,5931,6471,672
Illinois4,4324,2664,337
Indiana2,7412,7162,650
Iowa2,0482,0251,968
Kansas1,8171,7861,729
Kentucky2,2462,2132,168
Louisiana1,9311,8871,800
Maine914919884
Maryland2,8912,9032,773
Massachusetts3,9753,9633,884
Michigan3,9213,8873,761
Minnesota2,4362,3792,319
Mississippi1,4611,4561,383
Missouri4,1814,0353,873
Montana1,5001,5031,478
Nebraska1,1021,1131,075
Nevada1,3531,3341,311
New Hampshire1,2001,2011,187
New Jersey470491511
New Mexico1,0521,010993
New York3,9223,9053,739
North Carolina4,6114,6614,621
North Dakota718707695
Ohio4,5754,4134,234
Oklahoma2,2512,1952,112
Oregon2,1812,1232,046
Pennsylvania6,2886,3326,199
Rhode Island566559565
South Carolina2,2262,2352,247
South Dakota784800793
Tennessee3,1863,1973,205
Texas11,30111,37811,109
Utah1,6341,6881,700
Vermont551541529
Virginia4,1374,0783,980
Washington3,2793,3163,228
West Virginia1,3621,3631,318
Wisconsin2,8372,8462,802
Wyoming913934927
Other Territories125124121
134809134,811132,383

FFL Applications & Processing Times

New FFL applicants file ATF Form 7 (5310.12) with the Federal Firearms Licensing Center, and an ATF industry operations investigator usually interviews the applicant before the license is approved. For applications finalized in July 2026, ATF reported an average of 60 days to process a Form 7 FFL application (ATF Current Processing Times). ATF doesn't publish a median or a range for Form 7.

In FY2025, ATF conducted 8,562 firearms application inspections: 6,347 were approved, only 14 were denied, and 2,201 were abandoned or withdrawn. Denials are rare. Far more applications end because the applicant withdraws or stops responding, which is usually a sign they weren't ready for the interview or zoning and business requirements. That's exactly what our course helps you prepare for.

Fiscal year Application inspections Approved Denied Abandoned or withdrawn Original applications processed (Commerce) Denied (Commerce)
2025 8,562 6,347 14 2,201 n/a n/a
2024 8,815 6,395 37 2,383 n/a n/a
2023 9,328 6,769 25 2,534 10,624 26
2022 n/a n/a n/a n/a 11,610 30
2021 15,181 10,545 20 4,616 13,197 8
2020 n/a n/a n/a n/a 13,429 11
2015 n/a n/a n/a n/a 15,219 34

Firearms license application actions. Application inspections: ATF Facts and Figures (FY2021, FY2023–FY2025; ATF's FY2022 figure wasn't available to us). Original applications processed and denied: ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States 2024, Exhibit 14 (through FY2023). n/a = not published in these sources. CSV download (FY1975–FY2025).

GET YOUR FFL COURSE

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2. Special Occupational Taxpayers (SOTs)

A special occupational taxpayer (SOT) is an FFL that has also paid the National Firearms Act special occupational tax so it can import (Class 1), manufacture (Class 2), or deal in (Class 3) NFA firearms such as machineguns, short-barreled rifles and shotguns, silencers, and destructive devices. You need the right FFL first: a Type 08 or 11 for Class 1, a Type 07 or 10 for Class 2, and a Type 01, 02, or 09 for Class 3 (or pair a manufacturer or importer license with the matching SOT class).

The SOT is paid each year by July 1 and runs on a July-to-June tax year. It is $1,000 per year per location for importers and manufacturers ($500 for qualifying small businesses with gross receipts under $500,000) and $500 per location for dealers. The 2026 change that dropped the NFA making and transfer tax to $0 did not change the special occupational tax.

Number of SOTs by Class

Stacked column chart of National Firearms Act special occupational taxpayers by class for tax years 2010 to 2023. The total grew every year from 4,280 in 2010 to 17,323 in 2020, when there were 10,537 Class 3 dealers, 6,310 Class 2 manufacturers and 476 Class 1 importers. Tax years 2021 and 2022 were not published. In 2023 there were 15,022 SOTs: 7,560 dealers, 7,146 manufacturers and 316 importers.
There were 15,022 SOTs in tax year 2023, the latest year ATF has published: 7,560 Class 3 dealers, 7,146 Class 2 manufacturers and 316 Class 1 importers. Source: ATF, Firearms Commerce in the United States, Annual Statistical Updates 2011–2021 and 2024. Chart: RocketFFL.com Download full-size PNG
Tax year Class 1 importers Class 2 manufacturers Class 3 dealers Total SOTs
2023 316 7,146 7,560 15,022
2020 476 6,310 10,537 17,323
2019 470 5,716 7,806 13,992
2018 438 5,402 6,620 12,460
2017 439 5,078 6,252 11,769
2016 424 4,543 5,546 10,513
2015 396 4,156 4,797 9,349
2014 366 3,715 4,135 8,216
2013 258 3,020 3,569 6,847
2012 242 2,383 2,973 5,598
2011 238 1,963 2,528 4,729
2010 219 1,749 2,312 4,280
2021–2022 not published not published not published not published

NFA special occupational taxpayers by class and tax year. ATF notes the counts may include multiple locations per taxpayer. ATF has not published tax years 2021 or 2022. Sources: ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States, Annual Statistical Updates 2011–2021 and 2024. CSV download.

SOTs more than quadrupled in a decade, from 4,280 in tax year 2010 to 17,323 in 2020. The 2023 total of 15,022 was lower, mostly because Class 3 dealers fell from 10,537 to 7,560, while Class 2 manufacturers kept growing (6,310 to 7,146). That fits what we see: many new licensees choose a Type 07 FFL with a Class 2 SOT, which lets them manufacture NFA items and also deal in them.

ATF collected $10,797,263 in special occupational tax in FY2025 and $10,438,289 in FY2024.

Number of SOTs by State

Texas has the most SOTs by far (1,921), followed by Florida (1,154) and Arizona (772). California, which has the most FFLs overall, had just 179 SOTs in tax year 2023.

Rank State Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Total SOTs
1 Texas 21 929 971 1,921
2 Florida 51 547 556 1,154
3 Arizona 20 481 271 772
4 North Carolina 5 283 326 614
5 Pennsylvania 17 266 327 610
6 Ohio 7 264 267 538
7 Georgia 14 236 284 534
8 Virginia 24 185 245 454
9 Colorado 6 211 229 446
10 Tennessee 4 188 235 427
11 Michigan 5 155 230 390
12 Missouri 10 163 206 379
13 Utah 8 184 127 319
14 Alabama 9 142 161 312
15 Indiana 2 129 180 311

Top 15 states by NFA special occupational taxpayers, tax year 2023 (U.S. total 15,022). Source: ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States 2024, Exhibit 11. CSV download (all states).

3. NFA Registered Weapons and Forms

Every machinegun, short-barreled rifle (SBR), short-barreled shotgun (SBS), silencer, destructive device (DD), and "any other weapon" (AOW) that is lawfully possessed in the U.S. has to be registered in ATF's National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record (NFRTR). SOTs register what they make or import on Form 2, and individuals and trusts apply on Form 1 (to make) or Form 4 (to buy).

Beginning January 1, 2026, the $200 making and transfer tax dropped to $0 for silencers, SBRs, SBSs, and AOWs under Public Law 119-21. Machineguns and destructive devices are still taxed at $200, and registration, approval, and background checks still apply to everything. (See ATF's May 8, 2026 final rule.)

NFA Registered Weapons by Type

Line chart of weapons registered in the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record by type from March 2012 to May 2024. Silencers rose from 360,534 to 3,536,623, passing destructive devices, which were 3,212,547 in May 2024. Short-barreled rifles rose from 93,486 to 870,286, machineguns from 488,065 to 782,958, short-barreled shotguns from 124,079 to 165,180 and any other weapons from 54,649 to 88,149. The May 2024 total was 8,655,743.
Silencers became the most common NFA-registered item by May 2024 (3,536,623 of 8,655,743 registered weapons). Source: ATF, Firearms Commerce in the United States, Annual Statistical Updates 2012–2021 and 2024. Chart: RocketFFL.com Download full-size PNG
Type Mar. 2012 May 2021 May 2024 Aug. 4, 2026 (NFRTR, excl. destroyed/exported/voided)
Silencers 360,534 2,664,774 3,536,623 6,654,209
Destructive devices 2,064,091 3,343,519 3,212,547 not published
Short-barreled rifles 93,486 532,725 870,286 1,227,044
Machineguns 488,065 741,146 782,958 not published
Short-barreled shotguns 124,079 162,267 165,180 208,674
Any other weapons 54,649 67,744 88,149 96,869
Total 3,184,804 7,512,175 8,655,743 not published

Weapons registered in the NFRTR by type. 2012–2024: ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States (registered weapons by state exhibits, snapshot dates as printed). August 2026: ATF Current Processing Times page, which uses a different basis (it excludes destroyed, exported, and voided firearms) and lists only four types, so it isn't directly comparable. ATF's printed 2012 total (3,184,804) is 100 lower than the sum of its own columns (3,184,904); we show the printed total. CSV download.

How many machineguns can civilians own? ATF reports that, as of June 2025, the NFRTR held approximately 2,382,403 machineguns in total, including those registered to government agencies, dealer sales samples, exported guns, and non-functional war trophies. Of those, approximately 234,718 were registered as transferable to or between private individuals (the pre-1986 guns allowed under 18 U.S.C. § 922(o)). Source: ATF Data & Statistics.

NFA Registered Weapons by State

Texas has more NFA-registered weapons (1,136,732) than any other state, including 599,133 silencers. Florida (631,809) and Virginia (479,582) are next. These are registrations by the state recorded in the NFRTR, including weapons held by manufacturers, importers, and dealers, not just individuals.

Rank State Silencers Short-barreled rifles Machineguns Destructive devices Total NFA weapons
1 Texas 599,133 122,052 50,170 348,794 1,136,732
2 Florida 245,647 83,657 46,811 240,273 631,809
3 Virginia 114,167 38,304 46,392 267,149 479,582
4 California 18,484 19,201 26,335 334,883 418,971
5 Georgia 177,211 36,866 50,188 99,631 377,800
6 Arkansas 114,447 40,002 18,204 118,385 308,973
7 Pennsylvania 117,806 40,285 21,604 99,299 295,474
8 North Carolina 112,666 32,250 15,663 86,650 252,362
9 Ohio 94,121 27,121 22,627 92,845 245,758
10 Indiana 87,431 18,672 23,342 82,764 226,280

Top 10 states by NFA-registered weapons, May 2024 (U.S. total 8,655,743). State is the state descriptor in the NFRTR. Source: ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States 2024, Exhibit 10. CSV download (all states and all six types).

NFA Forms Processed

NFA paperwork has exploded. ATF processed 41,579 NFA forms in FY2005 and a record 1,507,443 in FY2025, about 36 times as many. And that was before the $0 tax took effect. In calendar year 2026 through August 5, ATF received 1,874,895 NFA forms, including 1,092,729 Form 4s and 202,599 Form 1s (ATF Current Processing Times).

Fiscal year NFA forms processed NFA firearms processed Applications received Making & transfer tax collected
2025 1,507,443 5,817,780 1,445,407 $177,114,166
2024 1,373,305 4,731,918 1,170,028 $145,072,242
2023 1,069,787 3,571,938 n/a about $96.0 million
2022 709,508 3,059,054 n/a about $91.5 million
2021 546,224 2,731,716 n/a about $78.6 million
2020 512,315 2,353,436 n/a about $51.7 million
2019 342,860 1,949,822 n/a about $37.3 million
2015 308,563 1,426,211 n/a about $32.5 million
2010 91,949 828,462 n/a n/a
2005 41,579 147,484 n/a n/a

NFA forms and firearms processed by ATF's NFA Division, by fiscal year. Applications received are published only for FY2024–FY2025. Tax figures for FY2013–FY2023 are rounded by ATF. Sources: ATF Data & Statistics (NFA section, updated May 18, 2026); ATF Facts and Figures FY2024 and FY2025. CSV download (FY2005–FY2025); firearms processed by form type, 2013–2023.

NFA and FFL Processing Times

Wait times have fallen dramatically since the days of 8- to 12-month Form 4 approvals. Even with the 2026 surge, ATF reported an average of 9 days for individual Form 4 eForms and 33 days for trust Form 4 eForms finalized in July 2026. Form 1 eForms averaged 57 days. ATF's times change monthly, so check the source for the current figures.

Form What it's for eForm average Paper average
Form 4 Individual Application for Tax Paid Transfer and Registration of Firearm 9 days 28 days
Form 4 Trust Application for Tax Paid Transfer and Registration of Firearm 33 days 34 days
Form 1 Application to Make and Register a Firearm 57 days 38 days
Form 3 Application for Tax-Exempt Transfer of Firearm and Registration to Special Occupational Taxpayer (SOT) 1 day 7 days
Form 5 Application for Tax-Exempt Transfer and Registration of Firearm 1 day 6 days
Form 2 Notice of Firearms Manufactured or Imported 1 day 6 days
Form 20 Application to Transport Interstate or to Temporarily Export Certain National Firearms Act (NFA) Firearms 2 days 7 days
Form 7 Application for Federal Firearms License (FFL) n/a 60 days

Average processing times for applications finalized in July 2026 (page last updated Aug. 27, 2026). In July 2026 ATF received 225,231 NFA applications and finalized 254,639; the median individual eForm 4 took 8 days. Source: ATF Current Processing Times. CSV download (all forms); 2026 NFA application activity.

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4. ATF Inspections

ATF industry operations investigators (IOIs) conduct compliance inspections of FFLs to make sure they are following federal law and keeping the required records (like the acquisition and disposition book and Forms 4473). An inspection can end with no violations, a report of violations, a warning letter, a warning conference, or a recommendation to revoke the license. A revocation recommendation isn't a revocation: the licensee gets notice and can request a hearing before a final decision.

ATF completed 8,472 firearms compliance inspections in FY2025, down from 9,696 in FY2024. That works out to about 6.6% of all FFLs, or 10.9% of business licenses. Inspections peaked at 22,330 in FY1993 and dropped to 5,827 in FY2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Number of ATF Compliance Inspections

Bar chart of ATF firearms compliance inspections of federal firearms licensees by fiscal year from 1975 to 2025. Inspections peaked at 22,330 in FY1993, fell to 3,640 in FY2000, reached 13,159 in FY2011 and 13,079 in FY2019, dropped to 5,827 in FY2020, and were 9,696 in FY2024 and 8,472 in FY2025. Revocation recommendations were 27 in FY2021, 90 in FY2022, 170 in FY2023, 195 in FY2024 and 83 in FY2025.
ATF completed 8,472 firearms compliance inspections in FY2025 (about 6.6% of all FFLs) and recommended revocation in 83 of them, down from 195 in FY2024. Source: ATF, Firearms Commerce in the United States 2021 (FY1975–FY2020) and ATF Facts and Figures (FY2021–FY2025). Chart: RocketFFL.com Download full-size PNG
Fiscal year Compliance inspections Active FFLs % of FFLs inspected % of business FFLs inspected
2025 8,472 127,739 6.6% 10.9%
2024 9,696 128,690 7.5% 12.3%
2023 8,689 132,383 6.6% 10.7%
2022 6,979 134,811 5.2% 8.5%
2021 6,639 134,809 4.9% 8.2%
2020 5,827 130,605 4.5% 7.5%
2019 13,079 130,546 10.0% 16.7%
2018 10,323 134,191 7.7% 12.9%
2017 11,009 136,081 8.1% 13.7%
2016 9,790 137,464 7.1% 12.2%
2015 8,696 139,840 6.3% 11.0%

ATF firearms compliance inspections of FFLs by fiscal year. Percentages are calculated by RocketFFL (inspections ÷ active FFLs; business FFLs exclude Type 03). Sources: ATF Firearms Commerce in the United States 2021 (FY2015–FY2020); ATF Facts and Figures (FY2021–FY2025). CSV download (FY1975–FY2025).

Inspection Results, Violations, and Revocations

In FY2025, 54.3% of compliance inspections found no violations, and 33.8% ended with a violation-based outcome (a report of violations, warning letter, warning conference, or revocation recommendation). Another 881 licensees surrendered their license or were found out of business. ATF recommended revocation after 83 inspections (1.0%), down from 195 (2.0%) in FY2024 and 170 in FY2023. Those were the full fiscal years under ATF's 2021 "zero tolerance" Enhanced Regulatory Enforcement Policy, which DOJ and ATF repealed on April 7, 2025, about halfway through FY2025.

ATF also reported that it completed 8 firearm administrative revocation assignments in FY2025, 6 of which resulted in license revocation and 2 in other dispositions (a separate count from the inspection recommendations above).

Result FY2025 FY2024 FY2023 FY2022 FY2021
No violations 4,604 5,207 4,644 3,806 4,232
Report of violations 1,553 1,689 1,531 n/a 985
Warning letter 677 721 667 606 454
Warning conference 547 214 166 131 149
License surrendered / out of business 881 1,488 1,343 n/a 789
Revocation recommended 83 195 170 90 27
Other dispositions 127 182 168 n/a 3
Total inspections 8,472 9,696 8,689 6,979 6,639
% with no violations 54.3% 53.7% 53.4% 54.5% 63.7%
% with a violation outcome* 33.8% 29.1% 29.2% n/a 24.3%
% revocation recommended 1.0% 2.0% 2.0% 1.3% 0.4%

Results of ATF firearms compliance inspections as reported in ATF's annual Facts and Figures. *Report of violations, warning letter, warning conference, or revocation recommended. FY2022: only partial results are available (as quoted in DOJ's FY2024 ATF budget request); n/a = not available. FY2021: ATF labeled the surrender row "Discontinued" and the revocation row "Revocations/Denials." FY2023 figures are from ATF's FY2023 fact sheet as indexed by search engines (the page wasn't retrievable directly). CSV download.

Most Common Violations (FY2025)

Rank Regulation Violation Times cited
1 27 CFR 478.125(e) Failure to maintain an accurate/complete/timely acquisition and disposition record of firearms 40,763
2 27 CFR 478.21(a) Failure to complete forms as prescribed 31,006
3 27 CFR 478.124(c)(1) Failure to obtain a completed ATF F 4473 23,415
4 27 CFR 478.124(c)(3)(iv) Failure to record NICS contact information on an ATF F 4473 14,776
5 27 CFR 478.124(c)(5) Failure by transferor to sign and/or date an ATF F 4473 10,336
6 27 CFR 478.124(c)(3)(i) Failure to verify or record Identification document on ATF F 4473 7,134
7 27 CFR 478.123(b) Failure to maintain an accurate/complete/timely licensee disposition record 7,028
8 27 CFR 478.126a Failure to report multiple sales or other dispositions of pistols and revolvers 6,608
9 27 CFR 478.123(a) Failure to maintain an accurate/complete/timely manufacture or acquisition record 5,719
10 27 CFR 478.124(c)(4) Failure to record firearm information on an ATF F 4473 5,637

Top 10 firearms violations cited in ATF compliance inspections, FY2025. One inspection can produce many citations. Source: ATF Facts and Figures, FY2025. CSV download.

The most common violations are recordkeeping errors: incomplete or late entries in the acquisition and disposition record and mistakes on Forms 4473. All ten are paperwork problems that a well-trained licensee can avoid, which is why getting your recordkeeping right from day one matters so much.

Methodology

  • Fiscal years: ATF license and inspection counts are for federal fiscal years, which end September 30. "FY2025" means October 1, 2024 through September 30, 2025, and license counts are the active licenses at the end of the year.
  • Which source we use for each year: FY1975–FY2023 license counts come from ATF's Firearms Commerce in the United States reports (2021 and 2024 editions). FY2024 and FY2025 come from ATF's Facts and Figures fact sheets. ATF's documents don't always agree: for FY2021, the Commerce report shows 134,809 FFLs while ATF's FY2021 fact sheet showed 136,846. We use the Commerce figure for consistency with the rest of the series.
  • FFLs by state: From ATF's monthly "Report of Active Firearms Licenses – License Type by State Statistics." March 2026 (printed March 10, 2026) is the most recent month ATF has published; later monthly listings weren't available on ATF's site when we checked in September 2026. The state report total (127,161) is a monthly snapshot, so it differs from the FY2025 year-end count (127,739). Pending applications are listed separately and not counted as licenses. We publish counts only, never individual licensee names or addresses.
  • Per-capita rates: RocketFFL divided each state's March 2026 FFL count by its July 1, 2025 resident population from the U.S. Census Bureau's Vintage 2025 estimates. The overall rate (37.2) covers the 50 states and D.C.
  • SOTs: Special occupational taxpayer counts come from ATF's NSOT database as published in the Commerce reports, by July–June tax year. ATF says the counts may include multiple locations per taxpayer. ATF's 2024 report jumped from tax year 2020 to 2023, so tax years 2021 and 2022 are not available.
  • NFA registered weapons: The 2012–2024 figures are the NFRTR "registered weapons by state" tables in each Commerce report, as of the date printed in each edition. The August 2026 figures from ATF's processing-times page exclude destroyed, exported, and voided firearms and cover only four types, so they aren't directly comparable. ATF's printed 2012 total (3,184,804) is 100 lower than the sum of its own columns (3,184,904); we show the printed total and flag it in the CSV.
  • Inspections: Counts and results are from ATF's annual Facts and Figures (FY2021–FY2025) and the 2021 Commerce report (FY1975–FY2020). FY2023 results come from ATF's FY2023 fact sheet as indexed by search engines because ATF's page blocked direct retrieval; FY2022 results are partial and come from DOJ's FY2024 ATF budget request, which quotes the FY2022 fact sheet. ATF also publishes monthly inspection spreadsheets; adding them up gives slightly different totals (for example, 9,710 inspections and 195 revocation recommendations for FY2024), so we use the annual fact-sheet numbers.
  • What a "revocation" number means: "Revocation recommended" is an inspection outcome, not a final revocation. Final revocations can take months, can be settled or reversed after a hearing, and are counted separately (ATF reported 8 administrative revocation assignments completed in FY2025, with 6 revocations).
  • Nothing is estimated: Every number on this page is published by ATF or the Census Bureau, or calculated by us from those numbers (percentages, per-capita rates, changes). If ATF hasn't published a figure, we say so.

Sources and CSV Downloads

Download the data (CSV): every file lists the ATF or Census source for each row. Free to use with attribution to RocketFFL and ATF.

Cite This Page

Suggested citation: RocketFFL, "ATF / FFL Statistics: Federal Firearms Licenses, SOTs, NFA Registrations and ATF Inspections," based on ATF Facts and Figures, Firearms Commerce in the United States, and Federal Firearms Licensee listing data, updated September 24, 2026, https://rocketffl.com/atf-ffl-statistics/

Journalists and researchers: you're welcome to use these numbers and charts. Please credit RocketFFL and link to this page. Questions about the data or the law behind it? Contact us (press page) and Ryan Cleckner, a firearms attorney, can help.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many FFLs are there in the United States?

There were 127,739 active federal firearms licenses at the end of fiscal year 2025 (September 30, 2025), according to ATF. That includes 49,984 Type 03 collector licenses, so about 77,755 were business licenses such as dealers, pawnbrokers, manufacturers, and importers.

What is the most common type of FFL?

The Type 03 collector of curios and relics license (49,984 in FY2025) is the most common, but it doesn't allow a firearms business. Among business licenses, the Type 01 dealer license is most common (46,072), followed by the Type 07 manufacturer license (21,367).

Which state has the most FFLs?

California had the most active FFLs in ATF's March 2026 report (12,291), followed by Texas (10,407) and Florida (7,024). But 10,223 of California's are collector licenses. Texas has the most business FFLs (8,277). Per person, Wyoming leads with 162.4 FFLs per 100,000 residents.

How many FFLs were there at the peak?

The number of FFLs peaked at 284,117 in fiscal year 1992. It fell to about 103,000 by 2000 after federal changes in the early 1990s made it harder to hold a home-based or 'kitchen-table' license, and it has been between about 103,000 and 141,000 ever since.

How many SOTs are there?

ATF counted 15,022 special occupational taxpayers in tax year 2023, the latest year it has published: 316 Class 1 importers, 7,146 Class 2 manufacturers, and 7,560 Class 3 dealers. The peak was 17,323 in 2020.

How many NFA firearms are registered in the U.S.?

ATF reported 8,655,743 weapons registered in the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record as of May 2024, including 3,536,623 silencers, 3,212,547 destructive devices, 870,286 short-barreled rifles, and 782,958 machineguns. As of August 4, 2026, ATF counted 6,654,209 registered silencers (excluding destroyed, exported, and voided records).

How long does ATF take to approve an FFL or a Form 4?

For applications finalized in July 2026, ATF reported an average of 60 days for a Form 7 FFL application, 9 days for an individual Form 4 eForm (median 8 days), 33 days for a trust Form 4 eForm, and 57 days for a Form 1 eForm. These change monthly.

How often does ATF inspect FFLs?

ATF completed 8,472 firearms compliance inspections in FY2025, about 6.6% of all FFLs (or 10.9% of business licenses). ATF doesn't inspect every licensee every year.

How many FFLs does ATF revoke?

In FY2025, ATF recommended revocation after 83 of 8,472 compliance inspections (1.0%), down from 195 in FY2024. ATF separately reported completing 8 administrative revocation cases in FY2025, 6 of which ended in revocation. 54.3% of inspections found no violations.

More from RocketFFL

Want the manufacturing side of the industry? Our U.S. firearms industry statistics page tracks how many guns are made in America, by whom, and where.

Thinking about getting your own FFL? Most new licensees today run a home-based business, and a Type 07 FFL (manufacturing plus dealing) is often the best place to start. Our Get Your FFL course walks you through choosing the right license, setting up your business, and getting through the ATF interview, step by step. Want to deal in or make NFA items like suppressors and short-barreled rifles? Our SOT course explains how to become a special occupational taxpayer and stay compliant.

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